A connecting Rod is the part of a piston engine which connects the piston to eh crankshaft. Together with the crank, the connecting rod converts the reciprocating motion of the piston into the rotation of the crankshaft. The connecting rod is required to transmit the compressive and tensile forces from the piston. in its most common form, in an internal combustion engine, it allows pivoting on the piston end and rotation on the shaft end.
The predecessor to the connecting rod is a mechanic linkage used by water mills to convert rotating motion of the water wheel into the reciprocating motion.